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Scientific Publications

SphingoTec's biomarker discovery is based on the highest standard of evidence, with over 100 publications, over 100 clinical studies, and more than 100.000 patients enrolled. Browse our scientific publications to learn more about how our biomarkers can impact patient care. You can use filters to narrow your search results by Year, Biomarker and Indications.

2024 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Sepsis

Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Where Are We Now?

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2024 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Sepsis

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: recent advances in enrichment strategies, sub-phenotyping and clinical trials

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2024 bio-ADM DPP3 penKid Sepsis

Biomarkers improve diagnostics of sepsis in adult patients with suspected organ dysfunction based on the quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score in the emergency department

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2024 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Other

Plasma proenkephalin A and incident chronic kidney disease and albuminuria in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort

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2024 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Sepsis

The role of biomarkers in diagnosis of sepsis and acute kidney injury

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2024 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Novel biomarkers in early detection of heart failure: a narrative review

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2024 bio-ADM DPP3 COVID-19

Bioactive adrenomedullin and interleukin‑6 in COVID‑19: potential biomarkers of acute kidney injury and critical illness

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2024 bio-ADM Cardiovascular Disease

Bioactive adrenomedullin as a marker of congestion and disease progression in patients with a systemic right ventricle

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2024 penKid Acute Kidney Injury

New biomarkers in acute kidney injury

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2024 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Major Surgery

Prognostic biomarkers and AKI: potential to enhance the identification of post-operative patients at risk of loss of renal function

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2024 penKid Sepsis

Point-of-care serum proenkephalin as an early predictor of mortality in patients presenting to the emergency department with septic shock

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2024 penKid Major Surgery

Proenkephalin A 119-159, a possible early biomarker of acute kidney injury in complex endovascular aortic repair: a single centre observational, cross sectional study

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2023 penKid Other

Proenkephalin A 119–159 (penKid) – a novel biomarker and its quantification on the Nexus IB10 POC system for assessing kidney function

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2023 bio-ADM penKid Major Surgery Other

Proenkephalin A and bioactive adrenomedullin are useful for risk prognostication in cardiac surgery

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2023 bio-ADM Other

Prognostic Value for Mortality of Plasma Bioactive Adrenomedullin in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Sub Analysis of the Biomarker Study in the COHARD-PH Registry

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2023 bio-ADM Other

Plasma bioactive adrenomedullin on intensive care unit admission is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome: an observational study

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2023 bio-ADM penKid Other

Biomarkers as prognostic predictors and therapeutic guide in critically ill patients: clinical evidence

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2023 bio-ADM Cardiovascular Disease

Plasma bioactive adrenomedullin predicts outcome after acute stroke in early rehabilitation

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2023 penKid Acute Kidney Injury

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 28th Acute Disease Quality Initiative workgroup

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2023 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Other

Renal Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report and Literature Review

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2023 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Other

Assessing GFR with Proenkephalin

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2023 penKid Acute Kidney Injury

Proenkephalin as a biomarker correlates with acute kidney injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

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2023 bio-ADM Major Surgery Other

Bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) is associated with endothelial dysfunction in infants and children with complex congenital heart disease undergoing open-heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass

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2023 penKid Heart Failure

Proenkephalin as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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2023 penKid Other

Plasma Pro-Enkephalin A and incident cognitive impairment: The reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke cohort

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2023 bio-ADM penKid Major Surgery

Proenkephalin A and bioactive adrenomedullin are useful for risk prognostication in cardiac surgery

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2023 penKid Major Surgery

The role of Proenkephalin A 119-159 in the detection of acute kidney injury after open thoracoabdominal aortic repair

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2022 penKid pro-ENK Acute Kidney Injury

Letter to the editor: "Characterising acute kidney injury: The complementary roles of biomarkers of renal stress and renal function"

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2022 bio-ADM Cardiovascular Disease Other

Association of Plasma Bioactive Adrenomedullin Levels with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in BCRA1/2 Mutation Carriers - Zusammenhang zwischen bioaktivem Adrenomedullin-Spiegel und kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren bei BCRA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen

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2022 bio-ADM Other

Analytical performance evaluation of bioactive adrenomedullin on point-of-care platform

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2022 penKid pro-ENK Acute Kidney Injury Other

Characterising acute kidney injury: The complementary roles of biomarkers of renal stress and renal function

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2022 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Bioactive adrenomedullin for assessment of venous congestion in heart failure

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2022 bio-ADM Sepsis Other

Can Acute Care Biomarkers change Patient´s Management in Spepsis?

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2022 DPP3 Cardiovascular Disease Sepsis Other

Safety and tolerability of non‑neutralizing adrenomedullin antibody adrecizumab (HAM8101) in septic shock patients: the AdrenOSS‑2 phase 2a biomarker‑guided trial

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2022 bio-ADM penKid Sepsis Other

30 Days Mortality Prognostic Value of POCT Bio-Adrenomedullin and Proenkephalin in Patients with Sepsis in the Emergency Department

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2022 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Albuminuria as a marker of systemic congestion in patients with heart failure

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2023 penKid Other

Proenkephalin A 119-159 predicts early and successful liberation from renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients: a post hoc analysis of the ELAIN trial

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2022 bio-ADM Sepsis Other

Bioactive adrenomedullin in sepsis patients in the emergency department is associated with mortality, organ failure and admission to intensive care

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2022 bio-ADM DPP3 Sepsis

Identifying clinical subtypes in sepsis-survivors with diferent one-year outcomes: a secondary latent class analysis of the FROG-ICU cohort

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2022 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Other

Role of proenkephalin in the diagnosis of severe and subclinical acute kidney injury during the perioperative period of liver transplantation

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2022 bio-ADM Sepsis Other

Can Acute Care Biomarkers Change Patient’s Management in Sepsis?

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2022 penKid Acute Kidney Injury

Advances in the study of subclinical AKI biomarkers

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2022 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Sepsis Other

Advances in the study of subclinical AKI biomarkers

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2022 bio-ADM Other

Biologically Active Adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) is of potential value in identifying congestion and selecting patients for neurohormonal blockade in acute dyspnea

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2022 bio-ADM Cardiovascular Disease Major Surgery

The value of bioactive adrenomedullin and dipeptidyl peptidase 3 to predict short-term unfavorable outcomes after cardiac surgery.

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2022 bio-ADM COVID-19

Adrenomedullin Therapy in Moderate to Severe COVID-19

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2022 bio-ADM DPP3 Sepsis

Identifying clinical subtypes in sepsis-survivors with different one-year outcomes: a secondary latent class analysis of the FROG-ICU cohort

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2022 pro-NT Other

New Insights in the Control of Fat Homeostasis: The Role of Neurotensin

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2022 penKid Other

Pro-Enkephalin and its association with renal function in Middle Eastern immigrants and native Swedes

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2021 penKid pro-ENK Other

Plasma Pro-Enkephalin A and Ischemic Stroke Risk: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort

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2021 bio-ADM DPP3 Heart Failure

Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

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2021 penKid pro-TA Heart Failure

Neprilysin inhibition does not alter dynamic of proenkephalin-A 119-159 and pro-substance P in heart failure

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2021 bio-ADM Other

Bioactive adrenomedullin a prognostic biomarker in patients with mild to moderate dyspnea at the emergency department: an observational study

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2021 penKid Heart Failure

Proenkephalin and the risk of new-onset heart failure: data from PREVEND

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2021 penKid Other

The effect of FGF21 and its genetic variants on food and drug cravings, adipokines and metabolic traits

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2021 penKid Sepsis Other

Plasma proenkephalin A 119-159 on intensive care unit admission is a predictor of organ failure and 30-day mortality

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2021 penKid pro-NT Heart Failure Other

Precursor fractions of neurotensin and enkephalin might point to molecular mechanisms of cancer risk modulation during a lifestyle‑intervention in germline BRCA1/2 gene mutation carriers

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2021 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Cardiogenic Shock

Predictive value of plasma proenkephalin and neutrophil gelatinase‑associated lipocalin in acute kidney injury and mortality in cardiogenic shock

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2021 hGH Other

Circulating levels of growth hormone in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

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2021 Other

Novel insights into peptide amidation and amidating activity in the human circulation

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2021 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Activity of the adrenomedullin system to personalise post-discharge diuretic treatment in acute heart failure

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2021 pro-NT Other

Pro-Neurotensin/Neuromedin N and risk of incident metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus in the REGARDS cohort

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2021 penKid Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury in the critically ill: an updated review on pathophysiology and management

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2021 penKid Acute Kidney Injury

Potential long-term health problems associated with ultra-endurance running: a narrative review

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2021 bio-ADM COVID-19

Prognostic value of bioactive adrenomedullin in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Germany: an observational cohort study

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2021 bio-ADM Cardiogenic Shock

Elevated plasma bioactive adrenomedullin and mortality in cardiogenic shock: results from the OptimaCC trial

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2021 bio-ADM DPP3 penKid Other

Plasma proenkephalin A 119 159 and dipeptidyl peptidase 3 on admission after cardiac arrest help predict long-term neurological outcome

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2021 bio-ADM DPP3 Other

Circulating biomarkers to assess cardiovascular function in critically ill

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2021 bio-ADM Other

Levels of bioactive adrenomedullin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in relation to delayed cerebral ischemia in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A prospective observational study

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2020 bio-ADM DPP3 Sepsis

Promotion of vascular integrity in sepsis through modulation of bioactive adrenomedullin and dipeptidyl peptidase 3

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2020 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Major Surgery

Proenkephalin A 119-159 may predict post-operative acute kidney injury and in hospital mortality following open or endovascular thoraco-abdominal aortic repair

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2020 penKid Acute Kidney Injury Sepsis

Incidence and outcome of sub-clinical acute kidney injury using penKid in critically ill patients

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2020 penKid Burns

PenKid measurement at admission is associated with outcome in severely ill burn patients

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2020 penKid Other

The effects of physical exercise on the assessment of kidney function

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2020 penKid Sepsis

Proenkephalin compared to conventional methods to assess kidney function in critically ill sepsis patients

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2020 penKid Acute Kidney Injury

Recommendations on acute kidney injury biomarkers from the acute disease quality initiative consensus conference - a consensus statement

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2020 penKid Acute Kidney Injury

Proenkephalin: a new biomarker for glomerular filtration rate and acute kidney injury

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2020 penKid Sepsis

Proenkephalin predicts organ failure, renal replacement therapy, and mortality in patients with sepsis

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2020 penKid Other

Proenkephalin as a new biomarker for pediatric acute kidney injury - reference values and performance in children under one year of age

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2020 bio-ADM Sepsis

Circulating bioactive adrenomedullin as a marker of sepsis, septic shock and critical illness

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2020 bio-ADM penKid Acute Kidney Injury Sepsis

The value of plasma pro-enkephalin and adrenomedullin for the prediction of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in critically ill patients

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2020 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Increased concentrations of bioactive adrenomedullin subsequently to ARNi treatment in chronic systolic heart failure

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2020 bio-ADM Major Surgery

Postoperatively increased bioactive adrenomedullin is related to adverse outcome after complex aortic surgery

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2020 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Bioactive adrenomedullin in plasma is associated to biventricular filling pressures in patients with advanced heart failure

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2020 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Congestion in heart failure: a contemporary look at physiology, diagnosis and treatment

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2020 bio-ADM Sepsis

Added value of serial bio-adrenomedullin measurement in addition to lactate for the prognosis of septic patients admitted to ICU

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2020 DPP3 Cardiogenic Shock

An outlook on biomarkers in cardiogenic shock

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2020 DPP3 COVID-19

Angiotensin II treatment in COVID-19 patients: more risk than benefit? A singlecenter experience

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2020 pro-ENK Other

High circulating levels of midregional proenkephalin A predict vascular dementia: a population-based prospective study

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2020 pro-NT Other

Pro-Neurotensin depends on renal function and is related to all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease

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2020 pro-NT Other

Pro-neurotensin/neuromedin N and risk of cognitive impairment in a prospective study

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2020 pro-NT Other

Magnitude of rise in proneurotensin is related to amount of triglyceride appearance in blood after standardized oral intake of both saturated and unsaturated fat

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2019 penKid Sepsis

Proenkephalin a 119–159 (penKid) – a novel biomarker for acute kidney injury in sepsis: an observational study

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2019 penKid Other

One-year prognosis of kidney injury at discharge from the ICU: A multicenter observational study

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2019 penKid Heart Failure

Proenkephalin and prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a GREAT network study

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2019 penKid Heart Failure

Proenkephalin, an opioid system surrogate, as a novel comprehensive renal marker in heart failure

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2019 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Adrenomedullin in heart failure: pathophysiology and therapeutic application

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2019 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Bio-adrenomedullin as a marker of congestion in patients with new-onset and worsening heart failure

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2019 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Adrenomedullin, a circulating biomarker of congestion: in search of evidence

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2019 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Clinical value of pre-discharge bio-adrenomedullin as a marker of residual congestion and high risk of heart failure hospital readmission

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2019 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Bioactive adrenomedullin, proenkephalin A and clinical outcomes in an acute heart failure setting

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2019 bio-ADM Other

Bioactive adrenomedullin, organ support therapies, and survival in the critically ill: Results from the French and European Outcome Registry in ICU study

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2019 bio-ADM Sepsis

Circulating biologically active adrenomedullin predicts organ failure and mortality in sepsis

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2019 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Plasma bio-adrenomedullin is a marker of acute heart failure severity in patients with acute coronary syndrome

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2019 pro-NT Other

Circulating pro-neurotensin in gestational diabetes mellitus

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2019 Sel-P Cardiovascular Disease

Selenoprotein-P deficiency predicts cardiovascular disease and death

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2019 pro-TA pro-ENK hGH Other

Detection of early breast cancer beyond mammographic screening: a promising biomarker panel

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2019 pro-NT Other

The association between plasma proneurotensin and glucose regulation is modified by country of birth

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2019 Sel-P Heart Failure

Selenoprotein P deficiency and risk of mortality and rehospitalization in acute heart failure

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2018 penKid Heart Failure

Proenkephalin in heart failure

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2018 penKid Other

Proenkephalin and risk of developing chronic kidney disease: the prevention of renal and vascular end-stage disease study

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2018 penKid Sepsis

Proenkephalin A 119-159 (Penkid) is an early biomarker of septic acute kidney injury: the kidney in sepsis and septic shock (Kid-SSS) study

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2018 penKid Other

Back-to-back comparison of penKID with NephroCheck® to predict acute kidney injury at admission in intensive care unit: a brief report

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2018 penKid Other

Analytical performance of an immunoassay to measure proenkephalin

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2018 penKid Sepsis

Circulating proenkephalin, acute kidney injury, and its improvement in patients with severe sepsis or shock

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2018 penKid Other

Proenkephalin for the early detection of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease

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2018 bio-ADM Sepsis

Circulating adrenomedullin estimates survival and reversibility of organ failure in sepsis: the prospective observational multinational Adrenomedullin and Outcome in Sepsis and Septic Shock-1 (AdrenOSS-1) study

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2018 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Bio-adrenomedullin as a potential quick, reliable, and objective marker of congestion in heart failure

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2018 bio-ADM Sepsis

Vascular effects of adrenomedullin and the anti-adrenomedullin antibody Adrecizumab in sepsis

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2018 bio-ADM Sepsis

Adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin-targeted therapy as treatment strategies relevant for sepsis

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2018 bio-ADM Other

Determinants of long-term outcome in ICU survivors: results from the FROG-ICU study

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2018 pro-NT Other

Similar pro-NT and pro-RLX2 levels after preeclampsia and after uncomplicated pregnancy

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2018 pro-NT Cardiovascular Disease

Usefulness of proneurotensin to predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in a United States population (from the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study)

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2018 pro-NT Other

The anorexigenic peptide neurotensin relates to insulin sensitivity in obese patients after BPD or RYGB metabolic surgery

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2018 pro-NT Cardiovascular Disease Other

Proneurotensin predicts cardiovascular disease in an elderly population

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2018 pro-NT Other

Neurotensin is a lipid-induced gastrointestinal peptide associated with visceral adipose tissue inflammation in obesity

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2018 pro-NT Other

Association between systemic leptin and neurotensin concentration in adult individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

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2018 pro-NT Other

Increased plasma proneurotensin Levels identify NAFLD in adults with and without type 2 diabetes

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2017 penKid Heart Failure

Worsening renal function in heart failure: it takes 2 to tangle

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2017 penKid Other

High Level of fasting plasma proenkephalin-A predicts deterioration of kidney function and incidence of CKD

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2017 penKid Heart Failure

Proenkephalin, renal dysfunction, and prognosis in patients with acute heart failure: A GREAT network study

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2017 penKid Major Surgery

Elevated soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and proenkephalin serum levels predict the development of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

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2017 penKid Heart Failure

Clinical correlates and prognostic value of proenkephalin in acute and chronic heart failure

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2017 penKid Sepsis

Proenkephalin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and estimated glomerular filtration rates in patients with sepsis

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2017 penKid Renal Transplantation

Plasma proenkephalin and poor long-term outcome in renal transplant recipients

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2017 penKid Other

Proenkephalin (PENK) as a Novel Biomarker for Kidney Function

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2017 bio-ADM Acute myocardial infarction

Prognostic value of human mature adrenomedullin in patients with acute myocardial infarction

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2017 bio-ADM Other

Sandwich immunoassay for bioactive plasma adrenomedullin

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2017 bio-ADM Cardiogenic Shock

Adrenomedullin: a marker of impaired hemodynamics, organ dysfunction, and poor prognosis in cardiogenic shock

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2017 bio-ADM Sepsis

Circulating biologically active adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) predicts hemodynamic support requirement and mortality during sepsis

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2017 pro-NT Other

No relation between biomarkers at age 47–49 and aortic diameter after 14–19 years of follow-up –a population-based study

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2017 hGH Other

Fasting levels of growth hormone are associated with carotid intima media thickness but are not affected by fluvastatin treatment

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2016 penKid Heart Failure

Prognostic usefulness of proenkephalin in stable ambulatory patients with heart failure

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2016 bio-ADM Sepsis

Plasma adrenomedullin in critically ill patients with sepsis after major surgery: a pilot study

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2016 bio-ADM Heart Failure

Plasma bioactive adrenomedullin as a prognostic biomarker in acute heart failure

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2016 pro-NT Other

Role of proneurotensin as marker of paediatric coeliac disease

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2016 pro-NT Other

An obligatory role for neurotensin in high-fat-diet induced obesity

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2016 pro-NT Cardiovascular Disease

Circulating Proneurotensin Concentrations and Cardiovascular Disease Events in the Community The Framingham Heart Study

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2015 penKid Cardiogenic Shock

Proenkephalin predicts acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients

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2015 pro-ENK Sepsis

Diagnostic and short-term prognostic utility of plasma proenkephalin (pro-ENK) for acute kidney injury in patients admitted with sepsis in the emergency department

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2015 pro-ENK Other

Serum Proenkephalin A levels and mortality after long-term follow-up in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ZODIAC-32)

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2015 pro-TA pro-ENK pro-NT Other

Basal plasma levels of copeptin are elevated in inactive inflammatory bowel disease after bowel resection

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2015 pro-ENK Other

Stable peptide of the endogenous opioid enkephalin precursor and breast cancer risk

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2015 hGH Acute myocardial infarction

Growth hormone for risk stratification and effects of therapy in acute myocardial infarction

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2015 hGH Heart Failure

Plasma growth hormone is a strong predictor of risk at 1 year in acute heart failure

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2014 penKid Acute myocardial infarction

Proenkephalin and prognosis after acute myocardial infarction

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2014 bio-ADM Sepsis

Plasma adrenomedullin is associated with short-term mortality and vasopressor requirement in patients admitted with sepsis

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2014 hGH Cardiovascular Disease

Fasting levels of high-sensitivity growth hormone predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Malmö Diet and Cancer study

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2014 pro-NT Other

Validation of plasma proneurotensin as a novel biomarker for the prediction of incident breast cancer

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2014 pro-TA Acute myocardial infarction

Pro-substance P for evaluation of risk in acute myocardial infarction

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2012 pro-NT Cardiovascular Disease Other

Plasma proneurotensin and incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and mortality

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2012 pro-TA Other

Elevated plasma levels of neuropeptide proenkephalin A predict mortality and functional outcome in ischemic stroke

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2010 pro-TA Other

Midregional proenkephalin A and N-terminal protachykinin A are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia disorders and acute neuroinflammation

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2008 pro-TA Other

Detection of stable N-terminal protachykinin A immunoreactivity in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid

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2006 pro-NT Other

Proneurotensin 1–117, a stable neurotensin precursor fragment identified in human circulation

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